易患乳腺癌的危险因素

Breast cancer risk factors

  Table of contents

• Introduction
• Breast cancer
•  burden
• Breast cancer risk factors 
• brest cacer control 
• References
• Links

A familial history of breast cancer increases the risk by a factor of two or three. Some mutations, particularly in BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 result in a very high risk for breast cancer. However, these mutations are rare and account for a small portion of the total breast cancer burden.武汉市第四医院针灸科雷红

1.乳腺癌家族史。

Reproductive factors associated with prolonged exposure to endogenous estrogens, such as early menarche, late menopause, late age at first childbirth are among the most important risk factors for breast cancer. Exogenous hormones also exert a higher risk for breast cancer. Oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy users are at higher risk than non-users. Breastfeeding has a protective effect (IARC, 2008, Lacey et al., 2009).

2.月经初潮较早，绝经期推迟，第一胎生育较晚，外源性激素的应用，如口服避孕药及激素替代疗法。母乳喂养可以减少该病的发生。

The contribution of various modifiable risk factors, excluding reproductive factors, to the overall breast cancer burden has been calculated by Danaei et al. (Danaei et al., 2005). They conclude that 21% of all breast cancer deaths worldwide are attributable to alcohol use, overweight and obesity, and physical inactivity. This proportion was higher in high-income countries (27%), and the most important contributor was overweight and obesity. In low- and middle-income countries, the proportion of breast cancers attributable to these risk factors was 18%, and physical inactivity was the most important determinant (10%).

3.喝酒、体重超重、肥胖、以及不爱运动也是乳腺癌发生的危险因素。

The increasing adoption of western life-style in low- and middle-income countries is an important determinant in the increase of breast cancer incidence in these countries.

4.乳腺癌的发生与饮食习惯有一定的关系。